Global warming is serious concern for the world. It is considered in the serious discussion nowadays in the world. And it is the kind of issue that is talked by geologists most of the time. Global warming affects the natural balance of the environment.

         Day by day earth is getting warmer. And when the earth’s atmosphere absorbs the sun’s heat, global warming occurs. And this changes in the atmosphere increases very rapidly. The temperature of the atmosphere and the natural gases are the main reasons why earth inhabits all of its life. There are many causes of global warming. The base and most important reasons for this is the increasing population greatly. Due to increasing human population, the necessities such as a place to live, a place to work, things to eat and so on. And so the destruction and burning of tropical forests traffic blocking up the city streets, the rapid growth of unplanned industries, the use of CFCs in packaging and manufacturing, deforestation is the causative factor of global warming. The construction of mills in an unplanned way has a great effect on the environment. And it causes lots of noise pollution as well. Also by setting the factories, causes lots of wastes and that are drained into the river, which causes another type of pollution called water pollution.

      Due to overpopulation, the rate of deforestation increases a lot. The forest is being cleared by human beings for their own use.

• For example,deforestation includes conversion of forest land to farms, or urban use. The highest amount of concentrated deforestation occurs in the tropical rain forests. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in habitat damage, biodiversity loss, and aridity.
• Doing harm to animals like birds, big cats, lions, tigers are also the alarming cause of Global Warming. All species are important for maintaining ecological balance
• The high range of black smoke is being produced from the mills and factories that mix with the air and increase the amount of carbon dioxide, burning of gas such as Methane, and fuel also increases carbon dioxide in the environment.
• And if one of the species is missing in the ecological cycle, then it destructs the whole environment. Increase warming of global temperatures accounts as a major concern of Earth’s surroundings. And due to the increased rate of global warming, the health of human life has changed. One of the main reasons for this issue is human activity.

        The effects of Global are very dangerous for our existence and survival. The Sun’s burning heat comes directly to the Earth’s surface. Therefore, the earth’s surface is being heated badly. The greatest loss in this situation is to the farmers. Because agriculture, forestry, and fishery are seriously being damaged. This can greatly reduce mankind’s ability to grow foods and destroy wildlife. And due to this the sea water also swells up. As oceans warm and glaciers melt, land and cities that are along coasts may be flooded. Due to this warming heat and so droughts, forests die, and food crops fail. Global Warming affects the weather, plants, and animals as well as humans everywhere. Humans are warming the earth’s atmosphere by burning fuels, cutting down the forest, and by taking part in other activities that release the heat and trapping gases into the air. And one of the major causes of global warming is the use of fossil fuels. And also there is no longer balance between the amount of carbon dioxide being added to the air and amount of carbon dioxide is removed. As a result, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is steadily increasing.

      To prevent Global Warming, quick and proper measures should be taken. People should be banned to cut trees, which causes deforestation. Rather than that people should be encouraged more and more to grow trees. Such solutions should be taken out to decrease global warming. And it is the responsibility of every individual to understand what is bettering our Earth and what is harming it and take that accordingly steps.

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/global-warming-solutions/

https://www.nrdc.org/stories/global-warming-101

1. Soakage pit System

A soak pit, also known as a soak away or leach pit, is a covered, porous-walled chamber that allows water to slowly soak into the ground.

Feasibility: Houses without adequate space for kitchen garden.

Construction: House owner can construct the pit himself by getting the information of the design. The soak pit should be between 1.5 and 4 m deep, but as a rule of thumb, never less than 2 m above the groundwater table. It should be located at a safe distance from a drinking water source.

Operation & Maintenance: Filter to be cleaned every two weeks or month, depending on accumulation of dirt.  Make a hook of thick wire and pierce it in the filter and take filter media out and clean or wash it and let it dry. And replace it in the earthen pot. Soak pit loses its capacity within a period of 7 to 8 years of work. At that time take out the boulders from the pit, scrap the walls of the pit in order to remove the oily layer, then let the pit dry for a period of 2 to 3 days and clean the boulders and replace into the pit.

http://www.waterboard.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=75&Itemid=274&lang=en

2. Kitchen Garden without piped Root Zone System

By using this methodology also, grey-water can be utilized to grow vegetables, flowers or fruits in the court-yard of the house.

Feasibility: Houses with adequate court-yard.

Construction: The system has following component: • A grease trap to collect silt • A simple bed of appropriate size to absorb the available water • Let the grey-water flow into the bed • Plant suitable vegetable or flowers at both the side of the trench.

Operation & Maintenance: Periodical cleaning of the grease trap in every week .

• Leach Pit

Feasibility: Houses without adequate space for kitchen garden where waste water discharge is relatively more and pit structure is such that it enhances the leaching effect.

Construction: Leach Pit is a brick lined pit constructed in honeycomb masonry having a volume of about 0.75 cubic meters.  Construct the pit in circular fashion with honey combing in alternate layers. The pit can be constructed with single brick (100 mm) with a mortar in the ratio of 1:6. Connect the drain pipe coming from the house to the leach pit via a grease trap. A P-trap is necessary between the pit and the outlet from the house to avoid vectors entering the leach pit. The pit should be covered with RCC cover or flag stone slab. The diameter of the cover should be 100 mm more than that of the pit.

Operation & Maintenance:  Periodical cleaning of the P-trap and Periodical removal of the sludge from the pit.

http://www.ecoideaz.com/innovative-green-ideas/whats-a-root-zone-waste-water-treatment

HVAC system

HVAC means Heating, ventilation and Air conditioning. HVAC system plays an important role in the buildings construction. It makes our environment clean and superior and it makes construction sustainable.  
HVAC System main three central function involves Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning.  The three central functions of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning are interrelated, especially with the need to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality within reasonable installation, operation, and maintenance costs.  Systems help in controlling the humidity and air superiority to provide a relaxed indoor environment. Here, I am providing different techniques and methods of sustainable constructionof sustainable construction, which can be used in any type of building and maintain the good environment and save energies for our forthcoming generation.

Comparison of four different HVAC System: –

four different types of HVAC systems most frequently used in residential and commercial buildings.

Split HVAC: – the machinery of these conventional HVAC system is positioned both within and outside of building. Split system is most popular system for heating and air conditioning.

Benefits: – great option for home owners for cooling and heating. If you need air conditioner and you have already furnace, in these conditions split system is more efficient and cheapest to install.

Duct less split system: – best option for the buildings that do not have room for conventional systems with ducts. Installed directly into the home where we need cooling and heating.

Benefit: – we can cool down and warm up different zones of our home at the same time.

Hybrid heat pump System: – heat pumps are air conditioners that can also be used for heating purpose for your home. This system is a conventional HVAC split system. The good thing of this system is that it does not waste energy. It is a more energy-efficient alternative as compared to traditional systems.

Benefits: – This system is popular for its power efficiency. If you are living in area where you need massive heating requirements during the extreme cold months, hybrid system is good to use. It can work like air conditioner in summer.

Heating and package system: – It is suitable for small places, it’s a good choice especially if your home does not have quite enough space to accommodate all individual parts of the split systems. These units can be installed in small spaces throughout the building including all rooms.

Benefits: – we can get an air conditioner and a heater both by installing one package of heating and air conditioning. It saves both money and space for us. Also, it makes an ideal option for those who lives in extreme climatic conditions and small spaces. So it’s huge advantage of using this system.

The main goal of these techniques to provide comfort indoor in every room according to your need. These are main types of HVAC system that are currently available for our use.

https://www.servicechampions.net/blog/what-are-the-different-types-of-hvac-systems/

Sustainable energy is an energy production, which run continuously to fulfill our needs without affecting the future needs. Renewable energy is an energy production which use different kinds of energy sources. `

Renewable Energy: –

* Solar Energy

* Wind Energy

* Wave power

* Geothermal Energy

* Hydroelectricity

* Biofuels and Biomass

Fossil fuel like natural gas, oil, coal is non-renewable resources.it has many disadvantages than advantages. Fossil fuel affects environment by creating pollution. Fossil fuels are finite resources, and it’s unsustainable. It affects animals, birds and people by pollution. So we need to find out the alternative options of fossil fuel.

So, here is some list of alternative options of renewable energy to replace fossil fuel.

Alternative options of Fossil fuels: –

* Geothermal Energy: – It is a thermal energy stored below the earth surface. It’s very popular, clean and renewable energy. It can be used for producing hot water for bathing and other purposes like cleaning instead of burning Coals and woods. It can also be used in industries and buildings to generate a power.

Benefits: – Low maintenance, cost effective, hygienic and durable, prevent air pollution.

* Wind power: – Wind Turbines like vertical and horizontal axis wind turbines can be used to produce wind energy as an alternative of submersible pumps and mechanical water pumps which consume Large amount of energy. It’s major contributors to wind power and commonly found in large groups known as wind farms. Wind power is one of the fastest growing energy sources in world.

Benefits: – Economical, improvement in quality of air, sustainable, cost effective

* Solar Power: – Solar power is best option to produce heat and light. Many types of techniques available for solar energy.

Two Types of Solar energy: – Active solar and passive solar

Active Solar: – It relies on external energy sources.it is used for cooling and pool heating. Solar photovoltaic energy converts sun light in to DC/AC power inverters.

Passive Solar: – It depends on the structure, design and buildings of home. It does not rely on external sources. It uses passive collectors to convert rays in to sunlight.

* Hydroelectricity: – Hydroelectric power can be generated from the running water of waterfalls and rivers with the help of turbine. Hydroelectric power is one of the most commonly used alternative option nowadays.

In conclusion, Sustainable energy has many benefits as an alternative option of unsustainable energy like fossil fuel. Renewable resources can be very helpful for Energy
production. It can improve our environment effectively. It can solve world’s one of the biggest problem of global warming. Most importantly it does not affect our future needs and providing best option for our current needs.

https://news.energysage.com/five-types-of-renewable-energy-sources/

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Good company in a journey makes the way seem shorter. — Izaak Walton